The wrath of God is being revealed from heaven against all the godlessness and wickedness of people, who suppress the truth by their wickedness,

For ^athe wrath of God ^bis revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth.

Ἀποκαλύπτεται γὰρ ὀργὴ θεοῦ ἀπ᾽ οὐρανοῦ ἐπὶ πᾶσαν ἀσέβειαν καὶ ἀδικίαν ἀνθρώπων τῶν τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐν ἀδικίᾳ κατεχόντων,

since what may be known about God is plain to them, because God has made it plain to them.

For what can be ^cknown about God is plain to them, because God has shown it to them.

διότι τὸ γνωστὸν τοῦ θεοῦ φανερόν ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς, ὁ ▼

▼ θεὸς γὰρ = WH Treg NA/NIV: || γὰρ θεὸς = RP

θεὸς γὰρ ⸃ αὐτοῖς ἐφανέρωσεν.

For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities – his eternal power and divine nature – have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that people are without excuse.

For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, ^ehave been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world, ▼

▼Or  clearly perceived from the creation of the world

in the things that have been made. So they are without excuse.

τὰ γὰρ ἀόρατα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ κτίσεως κόσμου τοῖς ποιήμασιν νοούμενα καθορᾶται, ἥ τε ἀΐδιος αὐτοῦ δύναμις καὶ θειότης, εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἀναπολογήτους,

For although they knew God, they neither glorified him as God nor gave thanks to him, but their thinking became futile and their foolish hearts were darkened.

For although they knew God, they did not honor him as God or give thanks to him, but they ^gbecame futile in their thinking, and their foolish hearts were darkened.

διότι γνόντες τὸν θεὸν οὐχ ὡς θεὸν ἐδόξασαν ἢ ηὐχαρίστησαν, ἀλλὰ ἐματαιώθησαν ἐν τοῖς διαλογισμοῖς αὐτῶν καὶ ἐσκοτίσθη ἡ ἀσύνετος αὐτῶν καρδία·

Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools

^hClaiming to be wise, they became fools,

φάσκοντες εἶναι σοφοὶ ἐμωράνθησαν,

and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images made to look like a mortal human being and birds and animals and reptiles.

and ⁱexchanged the glory of ^jthe immortal God for images resembling mortal man and birds and animals and creeping things.

καὶ ἤλλαξαν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ ἀφθάρτου θεοῦ ἐν ὁμοιώματι εἰκόνος φθαρτοῦ ἀνθρώπου καὶ πετεινῶν καὶ τετραπόδων καὶ ἑρπετῶν.

Therefore God gave them over in the sinful desires of their hearts to sexual impurity for the degrading of their bodies with one another.

Therefore ^kGod gave them up in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, to ^lthe dishonoring of their bodies among themselves,

▼

▼ Διὸ = WH Treg NA/NIV: || Διὸ καὶ = RP

Διὸ παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ θεὸς ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν αὐτῶν εἰς ἀκαθαρσίαν τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι τὰ σώματα αὐτῶν ἐν ▼

▼ αὐτοῖς = WH Treg NA/NIV: || ἑαυτοῖς = RP

αὐτοῖς,

They exchanged the truth about God for a lie, and worshipped and served created things rather than the Creator – who is for ever praised. Amen.

because they exchanged the truth about God for ^oa lie and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, ^pwho is blessed forever! Amen.

οἵτινες μετήλλαξαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν τῷ ψεύδει, καὶ ἐσεβάσθησαν καὶ ἐλάτρευσαν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν κτίσαντα, ὅς ἐστιν εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας· ἀμήν.

Because of this, God gave them over to shameful lusts. Even their women exchanged natural sexual relations for unnatural ones.

For this reason ^qGod gave them up to ^rdishonorable passions. For their women exchanged natural relations for those that are contrary to nature;

Διὰ τοῦτο παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ θεὸς εἰς πάθη ἀτιμίας· αἵ τε γὰρ θήλειαι αὐτῶν μετήλλαξαν τὴν φυσικὴν χρῆσιν εἰς τὴν παρὰ φύσιν,

In the same way the men also abandoned natural relations with women and were inflamed with lust for one another. Men committed shameful acts with other men, and received in themselves the due penalty for their error.

and the men likewise gave up natural relations with women and were consumed with passion for one another, ^smen committing shameless acts with men and receiving in themselves the due penalty for their error.

ὁμοίως τε καὶ οἱ ἄρσενες ἀφέντες τὴν φυσικὴν χρῆσιν τῆς θηλείας ἐξεκαύθησαν ἐν τῇ ὀρέξει αὐτῶν εἰς ἀλλήλους, ἄρσενες ἐν ἄρσεσιν τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην κατεργαζόμενοι καὶ τὴν ἀντιμισθίαν ἣν ἔδει τῆς πλάνης αὐτῶν ἐν ▼

▼ ἑαυτοῖς = Treg NA/NIV RP: || αὑτοῖς = WH

ἑαυτοῖς ἀπολαμβάνοντες.

Furthermore, just as they did not think it worth while to retain the knowledge of God, so God gave them over to a depraved mind, so that they do what ought not to be done.

And since they did not see fit to acknowledge God, ^uGod gave them up to ^va debased mind to do ^wwhat ought not to be done.

Καὶ καθὼς οὐκ ἐδοκίμασαν τὸν θεὸν ἔχειν ἐν ἐπιγνώσει, παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ θεὸς εἰς ἀδόκιμον νοῦν, ποιεῖν τὰ μὴ καθήκοντα,

They have become filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, greed and depravity. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit and malice. They are gossips,

They were filled with all manner of unrighteousness, evil, covetousness, malice. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, maliciousness. They are gossips,

πεπληρωμένους πάσῃ ▼

▼ ἀδικίᾳ = WH Treg NA/NIV: || ἀδικίᾳ πορνείᾳ = RP

ἀδικίᾳ πονηρίᾳ πλεονεξίᾳ κακίᾳ, μεστοὺς φθόνου φόνου ἔριδος δόλου κακοηθείας, ψιθυριστάς,

slanderers, God-haters, insolent, arrogant and boastful; they invent ways of doing evil; they disobey their parents;

slanderers, haters of God, insolent, haughty, boastful, inventors of evil, disobedient to parents,

καταλάλους, θεοστυγεῖς, ὑβριστάς, ὑπερηφάνους, ἀλαζόνας, ἐφευρετὰς κακῶν, γονεῦσιν ἀπειθεῖς,

they have no understanding, no fidelity, no love, no mercy.

foolish, faithless, heartless, ruthless.

ἀσυνέτους, ἀσυνθέτους, ▼

▼ ἀστόργους = WH Treg NA/NIV: || ἀστόργους ἀσπόνδους = RP

ἀστόργους, ἀνελεήμονας·

Although they know God’s righteous decree that those who do such things deserve death, they not only continue to do these very things but also approve of those who practise them.

Though they know ^zGod’s righteous decree that those who practice such things ^aadeserve to die, they not only do them but ^abgive approval to those who practice them.

οἵτινες τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπιγνόντες, ὅτι οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα πράσσοντες ἄξιοι θανάτου εἰσίν, οὐ μόνον αὐτὰ ποιοῦσιν ἀλλὰ καὶ συνευδοκοῦσιν τοῖς πράσσουσιν.